TERMINOLOGY

MICROSOME : microsomes are vesicle-like artifacts re-formed from pieces of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when eukaryotic cells are broken-up in the laboratory; by definition, microsomes are not ordinarily present in living cells.Any of the vesicular fragments of endoplasmic reticulum formed after disruption and centrifugation of cells called microsomes. A fragment of endoplasmic reticulum associated with ribosomes, found in cells that have been homogenized and ultracentrifuged.

BALBIANI RINGS : Polytene chromosome or salivary gland chromosome are the giant chromosomes first observed by E.G. Balbiani (1881) from the salivary galnd cells are much larger insect. These chromosomes are much larger in size, than the normal somatic chromosomes which consistts of a bundle of chromonemal fibrils which arise by a series of 10 consecutive duplications of initial chromonemata that increase the DNA content about 1,000 times the DNA content of somatic cells.
There are alternative light and dark regions called Euchromantin and heterochromatin regions are found.
The chromonemantin of polytenic chromosomes give out many series of loops laterally forming rings or bands which called as Balbiani rings.
At this region the chromatins are rich in DNA and RNA.
“The largest puffs seen on the polytene chromosomes of dipteral are called Balbiani rings”
BOUQUET STAGE : Telomeres arranges like a bouquet. Or Telomere clustering .
Telomeres assemble into a structure that looks like the stems of a floral bouquet.
The main role of telomere bouquet was thought to be the promotion of recombination
Recently noticed that they play a main role in the coordination of spindle body.